Moderate consumption of red wine, but not gin, decreases erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity: A randomised cross-over trial

Background and Aims: Several studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, a disease related to oxidative stress. However, the effects of different alcoholic beverages on antioxidant status are not fully known. Our aim was therefore to compare the effects of a moderate intake of an alcoholic beverage with high polyphenol content (red wine) and another without polyphenol content (gin) on plasma antioxidant vitamins, lipid profile and oxidability of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Methods and results: Forty healthy men (mean age, 38 years) were included in a randomised cross-over trial. After a 15-day washout period, subjects received 30. g/ethanol/d as either wine or gin for 28 days. Diet and exercise were monitored. Before and after each intervention, we measured serum vitamins, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid profile, oxidized LDL and LDL resistance to ex-vivo oxidative stress. Compared to gin intervention, wine intake reduced plasma SOD activity [-8.1. U/gHb (95% confidence interval, CI, -138 to -25; P=0.009)] and MDA levels [-11.9. nmol/L (CI, -21.4 to-2.5; P=0.020)]. Lag phase time of LDL oxidation analysis also increased 11.0. min (CI, 1.2-20.8; P=0.032) after wine, compared to gin, whereas no differences were observed between the two interventions in oxidation rate of LDL particles. Peroxide concentration in LDL particles also decreased after wine [-0.18. nmol/mL (CI, -0.3 to-0.08; P=0.020)], as did plasma oxidized LDL concentrations [-11.0. U/L (CI,-17.3 to -6.1; P=0.009)]. Conclusion: Compared to gin, red wine intake has greater antioxidant effects, probably due to its high polyphenolic content.