Search resultsEffect of ethanol on metabolism of purine bases (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid)
Title
Effect of ethanol on metabolism of purine bases (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid)
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2005
Authors
Journal
Clinica Chimica Acta
Volume
356
Issue
1-2
Pagination
35 - 57
Date published
2005
ISBN
00098981 (ISSN)
Keywords
acetyl coenzyme A, adenine nucleotide, alcohol, alcohol consumption, alcohol dehydrogenase, alcoholic beverage, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2, allopurinol, benzbromarone, dehydration, drinking behavior, enzyme activity, Ethanol, Exercise, extracellular space, furosemide, gout, human, Humans, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, Hypoxanthine, insulin, ketoacidosis, lactic acid, NAD, obesity, oxidation reduction reaction, Oxidation-Reduction, priority journal, probenecid, Purine bases, purine derivative, pyrazinamide, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, review, tuberculostatic agent, uric acid, uric acid blood level, uricosuric agent, urinary excretion, Xanthine, xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Abstract
There are many factors that contribute to hyperuricemia, including obesity, insulin resistance, alcohol consumption, diuretic use, hypertension, renal insufficiency, genetic makeup, etc. Of these, alcohol (ethanol) is the most important. Ethanol enhances adenine nucleotide degradation and increases lactic acid level in blood, leading to hyperuricemia. In beer, purines also contribute to an increase in plasma uric acid. Although rare, dehydration and ketoacidosis (due to ethanol ingestion) are associated with the ethanol-induced increase in serum uric acid levels. Ethanol also increases the plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine via the acceleration of adenine nucleotide degradation and a possible weak inhibition of xanthine dehydrogenase activity. Since many factors such as the ALDH2*1 gene and ADH2*2 gene, daily drinking habits, exercise, and dehydration enhance the increase in plasma concentration of uric acid induced by ethanol, it is important to pay attention to these factors, as well as ingested ethanol volume, type of alcoholic beverage, and the administration of anti-hyperuricemic agents, to prevent and treat ethanol-induced hyperuricemia.