Search resultsUrinary isoxanthohumol is a specific and accurate biomarker of beer consumption
Title
Urinary isoxanthohumol is a specific and accurate biomarker of beer consumption
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2014
Authors
Journal
Journal of Nutrition
Volume
144
Issue
4
Pagination
484 - 488
Date published
2014
ISBN
00223166 (ISSN)
Keywords
Adult, Aged, alcohol consumption, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Beverages, article, beer, Beverages, Binge Drinking, biological marker, Biological Markers, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, clinical article, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, controlled study, creatinine, creatinine urine level, Cross-Over Studies, crossover procedure, diet, Female, gin, human, Humans, isoxanthohumol, limit of quantitation, liquid chromatography, male, mass spectrometry, Middle Aged, predictive value, randomized controlled trial, sensitivity and specificity, Spain, Substance Abuse Detection, urinalysis, urinary excretion, Xanthones
Abstract
Biomarkers of food consumption are a powerful tool to obtain more objective measurements of dietary exposure and to monitor compliance in clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of urinary isoxanthohumol (IX) excretion as an accurate biomarker of beer consumption. A dose-response clinical trial, a randomized, crossover clinical trial, and a cohort study were performed. In the dose-response trial, 41 young volunteers (males and females, aged 28 ± 3 y) consumed different doses of beer at night and a spot urine sample was collected the following morning. In the clinical trial, 33 males with high cardiovascular risk (aged 61 ± 7 y) randomly were administered 30 g of ethanol/d as gin or beer, or an equivalent amount of polyphenols as nonalcoholic beer for 4 wk. Additionally, a subsample of 46 volunteers from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study (males and females, aged 63 ± 5 y) was also evaluated. Prenylflavonoids were quantified in urine samples by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. IX urinary recovery increased linearly with the size of the beer dose in male volunteers. A significant increase in IX excretion (4.0 ± 1.6 μg/g creatinine) was found after consumption of beer and nonalcoholic beer for 4 wk (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that IX is able to discriminate between beer consumers and abstainers with a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 100% (positive predictive value = 70%, negative predictive value = 100% in real-life conditions). IX in urine samples was found to be a specific and accurate biomarker of beer consumption and may be a powerful tool in epidemiologic studies. This trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial registry as ISRCTN72996101 (study 1), ISRCTN95345245 (study 2), and ISRCTN35739639 (study 3).