Diet and Risk of Heart Failure: an Update

Congestive heart failure (HF) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the USA, and its prevalence continues to rise with an aging population. Few nutritional guidelines exist for the prevention of HF, but recent evidence demonstrating beneficial effects of dietary interventions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) offers promise for their role in HF. The current review summarizes pertinent data from both clinical trials and observational studies focused on the potential contribution of individual food items, supplements, and dietary patterns to the primary and secondary prevention of HF. We further highlight gaps in our understanding of the role of diet in HF and future directions to help bridge important areas of need.