Search resultsDietary sodium, potassium, and alcohol: Key players in the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of human hypertension
Title
Dietary sodium, potassium, and alcohol: Key players in the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of human hypertension
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2013
Authors
Journal
Nutrition Reviews
Volume
71
Issue
6
Pagination
402 - 411
Date published
2013
ISBN
00296643 (ISSN)
Keywords
alcohol, alcohol consumption, Alcohol Drinking, article, blood pressure, body weight, calcium, carbohydrate, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, Cholesterol, comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, diet, diet therapy, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, fiber, human, Humans, hypertension, kidney disease, magnesium, Mediterranean diet, meta analysis (topic), monounsaturated fatty acid, obesity, omega 3 fatty acid, omega 6 fatty acid, pathophysiology, potassium, potassium intake, Potassium, Dietary, randomized controlled trial (topic), risk assessment, Risk Factors, salt intake, Salt-sensitive hypertension, saturated fatty acid, sodium, sodium intake, Sodium, Dietary, systematic review, vegetable protein
Abstract
Western industrialized societies are currently experiencing an epidemic expansion of hypertension (HTN), which extends alarmingly even to children and adolescents. HTN constitutes an independent risk factor for cardiorenal disease and represents an extremely common comorbidity of diabetes and obesity. Numerous randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses have provided robust scientific evidence that reduced dietary salt intake, increased dietary potassium intake, moderation of alcohol consumption, optimal weight maintenance, and the adoption of "heart-friendly" dietary patterns such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension or the Mediterranean diet can effectively lower blood pressure. Interestingly, the susceptibility of blood pressure to nutritional interventions is greatly variable among individuals, depending on age, race, genetic background, and comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of currently available scientific evidence in the constantly evolving field of diet and HTN, placing particular emphasis on the key role of dietary sodium, dietary potassium, and alcohol intake in the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of human hypertension.