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The role of CYP2E1 in alcohol metabolism and sensitivity in the central nervous system.

Title
The role of CYP2E1 in alcohol metabolism and sensitivity in the central nervous system.
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2013
Authors
Heit, C., Dong, H., Chen, Y., Thompson, D.C., Deitrich, R.A., Vasiliou, V.K.
Journal
Sub-cellular biochemistry
Volume
67
Pagination
235 - 247
Date published
2013
ISBN
03060225 (ISSN)
Keywords
alcohol, Animal, Animals, central depressant agent, central nervous system, Central Nervous System Depressants, chemistry, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1, enzymology, Ethanol, human, Humans, metabolism, physiology, review
Abstract
Ethanol consumption has effects on the central nervous system (CNS), manifesting as motor incoordination, sleep induction (hypnosis), anxiety, amnesia, and the reinforcement or aversion of alcohol consumption. Acetaldehyde (the direct metabolite of ethanol oxidation) contributes to many aspects of the behavioral effects of ethanol. Given acetaldehyde cannot pass through the blood brain barrier, its concentration in the CNS is primarily determined by local production from ethanol. Catalase and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) represent the major enzymes in the CNS that catalyze ethanol oxidation. CYP2E1 is expressed abundantly within the microsomes of certain brain cells and is localized to particular brain regions. This chapter focuses on the discussion of CYP2E1 in ethanol metabolism in the CNS, covering topics including how it is regulated, where it is expressed and how it influences sensitivity to ethanol in the brain.
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