Search resultsCigarette smoking and alcohol consumption associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Japanese men
Title
Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Japanese men
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2003
Authors
Journal
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
Volume
38
Issue
8
Pagination
807 - 811
Date published
2003
ISBN
00365521 (ISSN)
Keywords
Adult, age, alcohol, alcohol consumption, Alcohol Drinking, article, body mass, Body Mass Index, calculation, cigarette smoking, Cohort Studies, confidence interval, controlled study, Cross-Sectional Studies, disease association, gastroesophageal reflux, GORD, Health Behavior, heartburn, human, Humans, Japan, Japanese, Life Style, lifestyle, major clinical study, male, medical examination, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, prevalence, priority journal, questionnaire, Regression Analysis, risk factor, Risk Factors, self report, smoking, statistical significance, worker
Abstract
Background: Associations between lifestyle factors and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) have been conflicting. We aimed to examine these associations in Japanese men. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of Japanese male workers who visit a clinic for a routine health check-up and asked them to fill out a self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for GORD, defined as heartburn and/or acid regurgitation at least twice weekly. Results: Of the 4095 eligible subjects, 276 (6.7%) were diagnosed as having GORD. Current smoking was significantly associated with GORD compared with non-smoking (OR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.01-1.82). Moderate drinking (16-37 mL/day) and heavy drinking (≥38 mL/day) were also associated with GORD, while age and body mass index were not. After adjustment for age, daily alcohol consumption and body mass index, an increase in number of pack-years of cigarette smoking was significantly associated with an increased OR of GORD (P for trend = 0.034), and the OR for persons whose number of pack-years of cigarette smoking was more than 20.1 was 1.45 (CI 1.04-2.04) compared with non-smokers. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with an increased odds ratio for GORD in Japanese men.