Search resultsAssociation Between Alcohol Consumption and Both Osteoporotic Fracture and Bone Density
Title
Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Both Osteoporotic Fracture and Bone Density
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2008
Authors
Journal
American Journal of Medicine
Volume
121
Issue
5
Pagination
406 - 418
Date published
2008
ISBN
00029343 (ISSN)
Keywords
alcohol, alcohol consumption, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, article, bone density, bone mineral density, Bone Remodeling, Cochrane Library, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, estrogen therapy, Ethanol, evidence based medicine, femur neck, forearm fracture, fragility fracture, hip fracture, Hip Fractures, human, Humans, MEDLINE, meta-analysis, osteoporosis, priority journal, PsycINFO, risk assessment, SciSearch, vertebra fracture, wrist fracture
Abstract
Objective: Alcoholism is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures and low bone density, but the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on bone are unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the associations between alcohol consumption and osteoporotic fractures, bone density and bone density loss over time, bone response to estrogen replacement, and bone remodeling. Methods: MEDLINE, Current Contents, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Libraries were searched for studies published before May 14, 2007. We assessed quality using the internal validity criteria of the US Preventive Services Task Force. Results: We pooled effect sizes for 2 specific outcomes (hip fracture and bone density) and synthesized data qualitatively for 4 outcomes (non-hip fracture, bone density loss over time, bone response to estrogen replacement, and bone remodeling). Compared with abstainers, persons consuming from more than 0.5 to 1.0 drinks per day had lower hip fracture risk (relative risk = 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.91]), and persons consuming more than 2 drinks per day had higher risk (relative risk = 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.79]). A linear relationship existed between femoral neck bone density and alcohol consumption. Because studies often combined moderate and heavier drinkers in a single category, we could not assess relative associations between alcohol consumption and bone density in moderate compared with heavy drinkers. Conclusion: Compared with abstainers and heavier drinkers, persons who consume 0.5 to 1.0 drink per day have a lower risk of hip fracture. Although available evidence suggests a favorable effect of alcohol consumption on bone density, a precise range of beneficial alcohol consumption cannot be determined.