The effects of smoking and drinking on cardiovascular disease and risk factors

Title
The effects of smoking and drinking on cardiovascular disease and risk factors
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2006
Journal
Alcohol Research and Health
Volume
29
Issue
3
Pagination
199 - 202
Date published
2006
ISBN
0090838X (ISSN)
Abstract

Research on how tobacco and alcohol use interact to influence risk for cardiovascular disease is limited. Alcohol consumption of three or more drinks per day and cigarette smoking share similar, and probably additive, effects on some forms of cardiovascular disease. There is relatively little evidence, however, that the effects are worse when smoking and drinking occur together than would be expected from their independent effects. In most cases, moderate drinking does not share these risks and even has opposite effects of cigarette smoking on some risk factors. Ongoing public health efforts to minimize tobacco use and harmful drinking should result in clear and important gains to the nation's cardiovascular well-being.