The influence of alcohol on cardiovascular risk factors

Epidemiological studies show an inverse correlation between alcohol consumption and mortality of coronary artery disease. Total mortality is decreased by low and moderate alcohol consumption (1 to 2 drinks per day) but is increased by higher intakes. The cardioprotective effects of alcohol are mediated by antioxidative properties, increase of HDL-cholesterol, anti-thrombotic and vasodilatory effects. Several studies suggest a protective effect of red wine in addition to its alcoholic properties, but further research is needed to characterize these observations. In the light of the heath hazards associated with alcohol consumption, alcohol (or wine specifically) should not be recommended as a general cardioprotective strategy, rather it should be an item of discussion between physician and patient.