Search resultsAssociation of alcohol, alcohol and tobacco with mortality: Findings from a prospective cohort study in Mumbai (Bombay), India
Title
Association of alcohol, alcohol and tobacco with mortality: Findings from a prospective cohort study in Mumbai (Bombay), India
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2012
Authors
Journal
Alcohol
Volume
46
Issue
2
Pagination
139 - 146
Date published
2012
ISBN
07418329 (ISSN)
Keywords
Addiction, Adult, Aged, alcohol, alcohol consumption, Alcohol Drinking, article, cause of death, cerebrovascular disease, Cerebrovascular Disorders, cigarette smoking, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, controlled study, drinking behavior, ethnicity, follow up, hazard ratio, human, Humans, India, liver disease, major clinical study, male, Middle Aged, mortality, Nicotiana tabacum, prevention, Prospective Studies, prospective study, risk assessment, tobacco, Tobacco Use Disorder, Tobacco, Smokeless, tuberculosis
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between alcohol, alcohol and tobacco, and mortality in a large adult population in the city of Mumbai. A total of 35,102 men aged 45 years and older were surveyed about their alcohol drinking as part of a cohort study. These respondents were followed up over time, and all deaths were recorded. Compared with those who never drank alcohol, alcohol drinkers had 1.22 times higher risk of mortality, with the highest risk observed for liver disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.19). Among ever drinkers, risk of mortality varied according to types (country/desi), frequency (four or less times a week, HR = 1.39), and quantity of alcohol consumed (>100. mL) per day. In addition, country/desi drinkers (HR = 1.34) had the highest mortality risk compared with all other types of alcohol (HR = 0.97). Alcohol drinkers had increased risk of mortality for tuberculosis (HR = 2.53), cerebrovascular disease (HR = 1.83), and liver disease (HR = 3.19). Synergistic joint effect of tobacco and alcohol on mortality was also observed, with lowest risk in never tobacco user drinkers (HR = 1.02) and highest in mixed tobacco user drinkers (HR = 1.79). The results of this study show a direct association between greater consumption of alcohol and increased risk of mortality from alcohol-specific causes. In addition to individual effect, this study demonstrates the synergistic interaction between alcohol and tobacco use in various forms on mortality.