Search resultsHuman carcinogenesis and alcohol in hepato-gastroenterology
Title
Human carcinogenesis and alcohol in hepato-gastroenterology
Publication type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2012
Authors
Journal
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
Volume
16
Issue
4
Pagination
512 - 518
Date published
2012
ISBN
11283602 (ISSN)
Keywords
5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2), acetaldehyde, alcohol, alcohol consumption, Alcohol Drinking, alcohol liver disease, alcohol metabolism, alcoholic beverage, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, angiogenesis, Animal, Animals, beverage, Beverages, breast cancer, cancer, cancer control, cancer risk, carcinogenesis, cell transformation, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, colorectal cancer, comet assay, cytochrome P450, digestive system cancer, Digestive System Neoplasms, digestive system tumor, DNA fragmentation, DNA methylation, DNA polymorphism, dopaminergic system, dose response, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, drinking behavior, enzyme polymorphism, esophagus cancer, Ethanol, Female, gene expression, genotoxicity, health care policy, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human, Humans, immunosurveillance, larynx cancer, liver cell carcinoma, Liver Cirrhosis, male, metabolism, mouth cancer, mutagenesis, myeloperoxidase, nonhuman, Nutrition Policy, nutritional deficiency, oncogene, pancreas cancer, pharynx cancer, retinoid, review, risk assessment, risk factor, Risk Factors, risk reduction, Risk Reduction Behavior, serotoninergic system, sex difference, Sex Factors, squamous cell carcinoma, stomach cancer
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the top-10 risks for worldwide burden of disease. The International Agency for Research for Cancer affirmed that there was evidence for the carcinogenicity of ethanol in animals and classified alcohol consumption as carcinogenic for humans. Alcohol consumption causes cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, pancreas and female breast. Most alcohol-induced diseases increases in a linear fashion as intake increases: oral, oesophagus and colon cancer fall into this pattern: very little is known about safe margins of alcohol consumption. Given the linear dose-response relation between alcohol intake and risk of cancer, control of heavy drinking remains the main target for cancer control. European Code Against Cancer recommends keeping daily consumption within two drinks (20- 30 g of alcohol/day) for man and one drink for women and US Department of Health and Human Services suggest as a low risk, a maximum of 28 g of alcohol a day in man and half of this in women.